What is ultraclean surface?

An ultraclean surface is one from which organic residues, particulates and thin oxide layers have been removed to the point where they no longer affect the next process step. The standard is practical rather than absolute: what matters is whether the bond, coating or mold compound that follows performs reliably. Cleanliness is usually verified indirectly, by contact angle measurement or a water break test, since the contamination that causes failures is invisible to inspection.

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